Data Visualization for Developing Effective Performance Dashboard with Power BI

Data visualization is a very important step in data analysis as it provides insight into the data in a more effective manner that is interesting, simple, and understandable to every-one without any language barrier. It can also represent a huge amount of data in a small space very easily. In the previous two years, the whole world has suffered from a very terrifying nightmare known as COVID-19. Known to be starting from the country of China, the pandemic affected not only the health and well-being of mankind, but also had serious impacts on the economies of various countries. Hence, a visualization of the data set of the pandemic might provide beneficial insights for finding a possible solution and can help in overcoming the impacts of the pandemic. Microsoft Power BI is a very famous tool for analyzing data. Power BI provides a different way to visualize the data. This paper has been analyzed the covid-19 data by using Power BI to understand the trends and patterns of the Pandemic. With the help of visualizing the data, it can be represented in stacked column charts, tables, and maps. These three ways are easy and simple to understand the patterns of the pandemic. It also helps to understand how covid impact the world. This research with power BI dashboard by using a dashboard feature that connects different pieces of visual graphs. © 2023 IEEE.

Dual-role nurse interpreter perceptions of language barriers and Spanish-speaking patients: A qualitative study.

AIM: As the United States population is ever changing and is growing in diverse population patterns, the health care system is called to initiate responsive health care practices that are based on the public's changing and diverse cultural patterns. This study sought to explore the perceptions of certified medical interpreter dual-role nurses and their experiences with Spanish-speaking patients from admission to discharge in hospital stays. DESIGN: A qualitative descriptive case study was applied in this study. METHODS: Data was collected from nurses working at a United States Southwest Borderland hospital using purposive sampling and semi-structured in-depth interviews. A total of four dual-role nurses participated, and thematic narrative analysis was applied. RESULTS: Four major themes emerged. The main themes were "being a dual-role nurse interpreter," "patient experience," "culture and competence, "and "nursing and caring," With each major theme multiple sub themes emerged. Two sub themes emerged with "being a dual-role nurse interpreter," and two sub themes emerged with "patient experiences." The major themes that emerged from the interviews indicated that the language barrier greatly affects Spanish-speaking patients in their hospital stay. Participants reported having at least one encounter with a Spanish-speaking patient that was not afforded interpretation services or had interpretation from someone other than a qualified interpreter. Patients experienced confusion, apprehension and anger associated with not being able to communicate their needs to the healthcare system. CONCLUSIONS: According to the experiences of the certified dual-role nurse interpreters, having a language barrier makes a tremendous impact on the care of Spanish-speaking patients. Nurse participants describe how patients and their family members experience dissatisfaction, anger and confusion when there is a language barrier and most importantly how language barriers have detrimental effects on patients with wrong medication prescriptions and wrong diagnosis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: When hospital administration recognize and support nurses as certified medical interpreters as a key component for patient care when assisting persons with limited English proficiency, patients are empowered to become active members of their healthcare regimen. The role of dual-role nurses enables brokering between the healthcare system and serves as a tool to bridge health disparities based on linguistic inequities existing in healthcare. Recruitment and retention of certified medical interpreter trained Spanish-speaking nurses deter errors in healthcare and makes a positive impact on the healthcare regimen of Spanish-speaking patients enabling patient empowerment through education and advocacy.

CULTURE TRANSFORMATION - ENCULTURATION TO ACCULTURATION

Enculturation is learning the culture you grow up in and Acculturation is learning a culture different from that in which you grew up. The situation becomes more challenging when you are doing business in a developing country having low literacy rate and high cultural & language barriers. This paper describes the cultural transformation, behavioral systems and improvement initiatives Fatima Fertilizers Limited (FFL) has successfully implemented in past 9 years to improve the safety culture dimensions and to ensure compliance with standards. This resulted in improvement of FFL safety records to world class level. It will also describe the details of implementation process and maturing steps of systems on Behavioral/Cultural aspects and elements such as Process Safety Leadership & Engagement Program, Management Safety Audit Program, Perception Surveys, Operational Discipline & Excellence, Field vigilance & Area audits Program, Line Management Responsibility, Observation Reporting, Analysis & Action Plans and Contractor Safety Management Program etc which resulted in achievement of such remarkable results. The paper also includes the Organizations' vision & future plans on sustaining and further improving process safety culture as per changing & challenging scenarios across the globe especially post COVID-19. © 2022 AIChE Spring Meeting and 18th Global Congress on Process Safety, GCPS 2022. All rights reserved.

Factors Affecting Hispanics' Access to Healthcare During the COVID-19 Pandemic:An Integrative Review

Hispanics comprise more than one third of U.S. COVID-19 cases. This higher prevalence is associated with determinants toaccess that existed long before the pandemic. Using the Preferred Report Items for Systematic Review and Metanalysis(PRISMA) guidelines, this review examined 20 studies that addressed barriers faced specifically by Hispanics in the UnitedStates, Sampling methods are described and the synthesized research findings are organized using the TheoreticalFramework of Access, which classified barriers as either structural or personal. Results suggested that Hispanics had lowerCOVID-19 knowledge than other groups. The article discussion considers possible causes, such as low health literacy levels,an inability to reach or pay for services, a mistrust of healthcare providers, or a lack of access to information. To increase U.S.Hispanics' COVID-19 knowledge and encourage safer behaviors, culturally sensitive and linguistically appropriateinformation is needed. © 2023,Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. All Rights Reserved.

European Practices of Overcoming Language Barriers in Times of Crisis: Open Educational Resources

Objective. In any given country, the national language and education not only help to impart knowledge but also broaden the horizons of students, teaching them to be more tolerant of different cultures. Today, the Ukrainian language as an important component of national identity and state building is one of the main goals of Russia in its war against Ukraine. That is why one of the main challenges for higher education in Ukraine during wartime is to create modern and high-quality educational materials in the national language as quickly as possible, in order to facilitate remote teaching, learning and research processes at universities. The mechanism for responding to this challenge is to turn to the experience of creating, adapting and using Open Educational Resources (OER) in Europe and the rest of the world. The aim of the study is to consider the practices of creating, adapting and using OER in European universities and libraries in the context of their benefits, including the possibilities of overcoming language barriers in times of crisis. Methods. This article is based on the analysis of the literature on OER practices in facilitating the overcoming of language barriers, on the activities of ENOEL, on the practices of librarians and educationalists of several European universities, as well as on self-reflection and direct experience of the circumstances of the war by Ukrainian librarians, who continue information support of the educational process. Results. The theoretical aspects and implemented practical solutions demonstrate that OER can be an effective solution in times of crisis (whether a pandemic or a war) to the issue of quality information support of distance education with materials in the national language in any country in Europe and the world. In the context of higher education in Ukraine, OER is a means and one of the methods of overcoming linguocide by the Russian Federation – the purposeful destruction of the Ukrainian language as the main feature of the ethnic group. The experience of working with OER of the USUST Scientific Library (Dnipro, Ukraine) is the story of a library that was looking for opportunities to answer its local challenges and resolve problems during the COVID-19 pandemic, and found solutions that became necessary during the war with Russia. Conclusions. The authors hope that Ukrainian-language OER will soon become a mandatory element in the cultural environment of Ukrainian universities. And it is OER that can help overcome Ukrainian linguocide in educational resources. The experience of librarians of the European Network of Open Education Librarians (ENOEL) proves that one of the most important roles in this is played by university librarians. © T. O. Kolesnykova, P. Corti, M. Buist-Zhuk, 2022.

Strategies Used by Healthcare Systems to Communicate with Hospitalized Patients and Families with Limited English Proficiency During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review.

The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected racial and ethnic minorities in the United States, including many with limited English proficiency (LEP). These patients face various communication barriers, including a shortage of available interpreters and the need for masks that exacerbated communication barriers. It is not known how hospitals responded to these unique challenges to providing language services for the large number of patients with LEP during COVID-19. This narrative review assessed literature and lay media to identify strategies utilized by hospitals to communicate with patients with LEP hospitalized during the COVID-19 pandemic. A search of APA PsychInfo, EBM Reviews, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, Epub Ahead of Print, and Ebsco Megafile initially yielded 61 articles, 6 of which were ultimately included after reviewing abstracts and full texts. The identified interventions, which sought to increase accessibility of language-concordant care, increase accessibility of professional interpretation, and improve family communication and understanding, were described positively, though only one was tested for effectiveness.

The Use of Automated Machine Translation to Translate Figurative Language in a Clinical Setting: Analysis of a Convenience Sample of Patients Drawn From a Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Patients with limited English proficiency frequently receive substandard health care. Asynchronous telepsychiatry (ATP) has been established as a clinically valid method for psychiatric assessments. The addition of automated speech recognition (ASR) and automated machine translation (AMT) technologies to asynchronous telepsychiatry may be a viable artificial intelligence (AI)-language interpretation option. OBJECTIVE: This project measures the frequency and accuracy of the translation of figurative language devices (FLDs) and patient word count per minute, in a subset of psychiatric interviews from a larger trial, as an approximation to patient speech complexity and quantity in clinical encounters that require interpretation. METHODS: A total of 6 patients were selected from the original trial, where they had undergone 2 assessments, once by an English-speaking psychiatrist through a Spanish-speaking human interpreter and once in Spanish by a trained mental health interviewer-researcher with AI interpretation. 3 (50%) of the 6 selected patients were interviewed via videoconferencing because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Interview transcripts were created by automated speech recognition with manual corrections for transcriptional accuracy and assessment for translational accuracy of FLDs. RESULTS: AI-interpreted interviews were found to have a significant increase in the use of FLDs and patient word count per minute. Both human and AI-interpreted FLDs were frequently translated inaccurately, however FLD translation may be more accurate on videoconferencing. CONCLUSIONS: AI interpretation is currently not sufficiently accurate for use in clinical settings. However, this study suggests that alternatives to human interpretation are needed to circumvent modifications to patients' speech. While AI interpretation technologies are being further developed, using videoconferencing for human interpreting may be more accurate than in-person interpreting. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03538860; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03538860.

Assessing Medical Student Readiness to Navigate Language Barriers in Telehealth: Cross-sectional Survey Study.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly increased telehealth usage in the United States. Patients with limited English proficiency (LEP) face barriers to health care, which may be mitigated when providers work with professional interpreters. However, telehealth may exacerbate disparities if clinicians are not trained to work with interpreters in that setting. Although medical students are now involved in telehealth on an unprecedented scale, no educational innovations have been published that focus on digital care across language barriers. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate advanced medical students' confidence in caring for patients with LEP during telehealth encounters. METHODS: We administered a written survey to medical students on clinical clerkships at one US institution in August and September 2020. We assessed students' overall confidence in working with interpreters; confidence in performing 8 clinical tasks during in-person versus telehealth encounters; and frequency of performing 5 different clinical tasks with patients with LEP compared to English-speaking patients during in-person versus telehealth encounters. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and chi-square tests were used to compare confidence and task performance frequency, respectively, for patients with LEP versus English-speaking patients during telehealth encounters. Students were also asked to identify barriers to care for patients with LEP. The free-response questions were qualitatively analyzed using open coding to identify key themes. RESULTS: Of 300 medical students surveyed, 121 responded. Furthermore, 72 students answered >50% of questions and were included in the analyses. Compared to caring for patients with LEP during in-person encounters, respondents were less confident in working with interpreters (P<.001), developing trust (P<.001), identifying agenda (P=.005), eliciting preferences for diabetes management (P=.01), and empowering patients in lifestyle modifications (P=.04) during telehealth encounters. During both in-person and telehealth encounters, approximately half of students (40%-78%) reported engaging less frequently in every clinical task with patients with LEP and this was as low as 22% (13/59) for some tasks. Students identified these key barriers to care for patients with LEP: time pressure, interpretation quality and access, technical difficulties, cultural differences, and difficulty with rapport building. CONCLUSIONS: Advanced medical students were significantly less confident caring for patients with LEP via telehealth than in person. Broader implementation of training around navigating language barriers is necessary for telehealth care, which has rapidly expanded in the United States. Our study identified potential key areas for curricular focus, including creating patient-centered agendas and management plans within the constraints of virtual settings. These developments must take place simultaneously with systems-level improvements in interpreter infrastructure to ensure high-quality care for linguistically diverse patients.

Validity of the Chinese Language Patient Health Questionnaire 2 and 9: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Chinese Americans with limited English proficiency have higher mental health needs than English speakers but are more likely to be undiagnosed and undertreated for depression. Increasing anti-Asian hate crimes during the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the urgency to accurately detect depressive symptoms in this community. This systematic review examines the validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-2/9 for depression screening in Chinese-speaking populations. Methods: We queried PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and PsycINFO databases, examining studies through September 2021. Studies were included if they evaluated the Chinese language PHQ-2 or PHQ-9 and diagnosed depression using a clinical interview. Two investigators independently extracted study data and assessed quality using the QUADAS-2. Study sensitivities and specificities were combined in random effects meta-analyses. Results: Of 513 articles, 20 met inclusion criteria. All examined the PHQ-9; seven also examined the PHQ-2. Studies were conducted in Mainland China (17), Hong Kong (1), Taiwan (1), and the United States (1). Fourteen studies were published in English; six in Chinese. Studies were diverse in setting, participant age, and comorbidities. For the Chinese language PHQ-9, Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.765 to 0.938 for included studies (optimal cutoff scores ranged from 6 to 11). For the PHQ-2, Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.727 to 0.785 (optimal cutoff scores 1-3). Overall, the PHQ-9 pooled sensitivity was 0.88 (95% CI 0.86-0.90), and pooled specificity was 0.87 (95% CI 0.83-0.91). Similarly, the pooled PHQ-2 sensitivity was 0.84 (95% CI 0.80-0.87), and pooled specificity was 0.87 (95% CI 0.78-0.93). The overall risk of bias was low (12 studies) or indeterminate (8 studies). Discussion: While limited by missing study information, the Chinese language PHQ-9 appears to be a valid depression screening tool among Chinese-speaking populations across geographic and clinical settings. Further research should explore optimal cutoff scores for this population for routine depression screening and the validity of the tool to measure response to depression treatment.

Rural Easy Japanese as a Method of Mitigating Language Barriers Among Foreigners Seeking Medical Care in Rural Japan.

Mitigating difficulties in communication is vital in multicultural societies. Particularly, foreigners face greater communication difficulties because of language barriers, posing a challenge to both themselves and indigenous people. In Japan, the increase in the number of foreigners has driven the use of Easy Japanese, a free online program of Japanese language lessons. Easy Japanese can facilitate communication between medical professionals and foreigners. Easy Japanese is mainly characterized by short sentences, an upfront conclusion, and avoiding polite Japanese words when collaborating with translators. This communication method should prevail not only in urban areas but also in rural areas, and can help individuals in rural contexts prepare for an increase in the number of foreigners.

A Multilingual App for Providing Information to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Candidates with Limited Language Proficiency: Development and Pilot.

Language barriers are obstacles in receiving vaccinations against COVID-19. They jeopardize informed consent, vaccination safety, and a positive immunization experience. We have developed a multilingual app to overcome language barriers when dealing with vaccination candidates with a limited proficiency in the locally spoken language. We applied the Spiral Technology Action Research (STAR) model to create the app within a discursive process involving healthcare professionals (HCPs) from vaccination sites, literature searches and guidelines, and field trials at vaccination centers. In a real-world pilot test, we assessed the usability and feedback for further improvement. Our efforts resulted in an app that facilitates communication with vaccination candidates in 40 languages, each with over 500 phrases that can be played back or displayed as text. In the pilot test, the app demonstrated its usability, and was well accepted by the vaccination candidates (n = 20). The app was mainly used to inform about the risks and benefits of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Some HCPs struggled to navigate the comprehensive content and the pilot test exposed the need for additional phrases. The STAR model proved to be flexible in adapting to dynamic pandemic conditions and changing recommendations. This multilingual app overcomes language barriers in healthcare settings, promoting vaccines to migrants with limited language proficiency.

Video remote interpreting in clinical communication: A multimodal analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Investigating how the spatial and audiovisual conditions in video remote interpreting (VRI) shape communicative interaction in a language-discordant clinical consultation. METHODS: We conducted a multimodal analysis of an authentic VRI-mediated consultation with special reference to spatial arrangements, audiovisual conditions, and the healthcare professional's use of embodied communicative resources (body orientation, eye gaze, gestures). RESULTS: The physician is found to pursue his communicative goals for the consultation by first creating an appropriate spatial and technical environment and then supporting his information-giving and relationship-building actions through the use of nonverbal (embodied) resources like body orientation, gaze and gestures as well as specific turn-management behaviour. CONCLUSION: VRI allows healthcare professionals to access professional interpreters for language-discordant consultations but requires appropriate technical and spatial arrangements as well as users capable of adapting their communicative behaviour to spatial and audiovisual constraints. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Alongside telephone interpreting, VRI is the solution of choice for language-discordant clinical encounters in times of the Covid-19 pandemic. Its use requires appropriate technical and spatial arrangements as well as specific skills on the part of healthcare professionals to cope with inherent audiovisual constraints.

All alone: A qualitative study of home health aides' experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York.

BACKGROUND: Despite their integral role, Home Health Aides (HHAs) are largely unrecognized as essential to implementing effective infection prevention and control practices in the home healthcare setting. We sought to understand the infection prevention and control needs and challenges associated with caring for patients during the pandemic from the perspective of HHAs. METHODS: From June to August 2020, data were collected from HHAs in the New York metropolitan area using semi-structured qualitative interviews by telephone; 12 HHAs were interviewed in Spanish. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed, translated and analyzed using conventional content analysis. RESULTS: In total, 25 HHAs employed by 4 unique home care agencies participated. HHAs had a mean age of 49.8 (± 9.1), 24 (97%) female, 11 (44%) Black, 12 (48%) Hispanic. Three major themes related to the experience of HHA's working during the COVID-19 pandemic emerged: (1) all alone, (2) limited access to information and resources, and (3) dilemmas related to enhanced COVID-19 precautions. Hispanic HHAs with limited English proficiency faced additional difficulties related to communication. CONCLUSIONS: We found that HHA communication with nursing staff, plays a key role in infection control efforts in home care. Efforts to manage COVID-19 in home care should include improving communication between HHAs and nursing staff.

Primary Care Physician Recognition and Documentation of Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese and Latinx Patients During Routine Visits: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: Asian and Latinx individuals have a high burden of untreated depression. Under-recognition of depressive symptoms may contribute to existing disparities in depression treatment. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine whether physicians recognize and treat depressive symptoms for Chinese and Latinx patients during routine primary care visits. Methods: We analyzed data from 1171 Chinese and Latinx patients who were interviewed within 1 week after a primary care visit in a large academic practice, which had not yet implemented universal depression screening. We included participants with depressive symptoms (defined as a Patient Health Questionaire-2 score ≥3) and no prior history of depression (N=118). We investigated whether patients perceived having a mental health need in the prior year and conducted chart reviews to assess provider recognition of depressive symptoms, defined as documentation of symptoms, antidepressant initiation, or mental health referral within 30 days of the visit. We further examined differences by race/ethnicity and language preference. Results: Among the 118 patients with depressive symptoms and no prior depression diagnosis (mean age 68), 71 (61%) reported a mental health need in the prior 12 months; however, providers recognized depressive symptoms in only 8/118 patients (7%). The number of patients with recognized symptoms was small across race/ethnicity and language preference groups and we found no significant differences. Conclusion: Physicians recognized and documented depressive symptoms for 1 in 10 Chinese and Latinx patients during routine primary care visits. Targeted efforts are needed to address under-recognition of symptoms and improve depression care for these populations.

Utility of mobile technology in medical interpretation: A literature review of current practices.

OBJECTIVES: Language barriers limit healthcare access. However, professional interpretation usage is infrequent due to high cost and poor interpreter availability. Healthcare-oriented mobile applications are becoming more accepted and may help alleviate this burden. This literature review aims to better understand the utility of mobile technology in healthcare interpretation. Specifically, the objective of this review is to synthesize the feasibility, outcome, and challenges of implementing technological medical interpretation services. PATIENT INVOLVEMENT: No patients were involved for this review. METHODS: In December 2019, MEDLINE (Ovid) was systematically searched according to PRISMA guidelines. All articles discussing the utility of technology in healthcare interpretation encounters were included. RESULTS: Two major themes emerged: 1) comparing video and phone interpretation with in-person interpretation and 2) assessing direct translation software in healthcare settings. Phone and video interpretation help reduce overall patient wait-times. Both patients and clinicians preferred in-person or video interpretation over interpretation by phone. Chief benefits of using direct translation software include immediate access, low costs, and sustainability. Several studies discussed potential translation inaccuracies and the importance of having professional interpreters in medico-legal discussions. CONCLUSION: Mobile applications may be used to facilitate access to medical interpreters with high clinician and patient satisfaction. Direct in-app translations facilitate access but risk inaccuracies with important medico-legal considerations. PRACTICAL VALUE: Mobile applications are available at low costs and can improve access to interpreters though video and phone calls. Mobile software can also provide direct translation and facilitate clinical care. Clinicians should prioritize face-to-face encounters with professional medical interpreters, whenever possible. In a time of social distancing amidst the current COVID-19 pandemic, there is crucial value in elucidating the best telehealth interpretation practices.